The brief is the deliverable

The most valuable thing we hand over is often written before any design starts.
An open laptop on a desk

On the projects that go well, there is a moment early on where the client reads a paragraph back to us and says: yes, that is the problem. Everything after that is comparatively easy.

Write the problem, not the wish

“We need a new website” is a wish. “Our enquiries come from referrals and the site actively loses them” is a problem, and it implies its own solution.

Agree what would count as success

Before anything is drawn. Not a vague sense of modern, but a number or a behaviour you can check in three months.